Summary: Fluoroquinolones are ideal agents for prophylactic management of febrile neutropenia because of a number of characteristic features. They cover Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including those responsible for severe infections. They also exhibit excellent oral bioavailability which is associated with high tissue concentrations achieved following oral administration. In addition, their activity is concentration-dependent which allows once daily administration. Based on these features, randomized clinical trials undertaken have confirmed that levofloxacin in effective in reducing infection rates in febrile neutropenia with a subsequent reduction in morbidity and mortality.