Summary: The IDSA guidelines for febrile neutropenia provide physicians around the world with a set of recommendations that help optimize the management of these patients. The guidelines are based on the results of well conducted studies and recommend that appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy should be initiated as quickly as possible in order to reduce the rate of complications associated with febrile neutropenia. The guidelines are of use to all physicians treating such patients, including Asian physicians. In addition to the guidelines, physicians treating patients with febrile neutropenia can obtain additional advice from infectious disease (ID) consultants, who can provide further advice on managing patients with persistent fever who are not responding to therapy.