Recent fluoroquinolone withdrawals have related to severe phototoxicity and either idiosyncratic organ-related or immunologically-mediated events. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and methoxy-quinolones show minimal phototoxic potential (40-46).

Target organ toxicity has primarily affected compounds with 2,4-difluoro-phenyl substitution at the 1 position: E Temafloxacin (fluoroquinolone): hemolytic-uremic syndrome, hepatitis E Trovafloxacin (naphthyridone): eosinophilic hepatitis E Tosufloxacin (naphthyridone): nephritis, hematological syndromes