A symposium updating the optimal treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was held during the APSR 2014 in Bali, Indonesia, November 13–16, 2014. The importance of this session was highlighted by the fact that, despite long-term recognition that pneumonia is a major cause of death and morbidity, it continues to exert a huge burden on healthcare resources worldwide. With no causative pathogen identified in 50% of cases, empirical treatment remains the mainstay of therapy. Therefore, treatment needs to be tailored to the individual, taking into account likely pathogens based on regional trends, susceptibility and resistance patterns, and available health resources. In this setting, fluoroquinolones have become leading antimicrobials, with levofloxacin exhibiting excellent pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) providing cost-effective and safe treatment for CAP.